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Bibliometric Analysis of Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1998-2002

by Robert Merideth  (IRLS 589, May 10, 2004)

This bibliometric analysis comprises four sections.

While mainly descriptive, the findings in this report provide an exploratory analysis about the productivity, patterns of authorship and citation, and other aspects of scientific communication that pertain the field of remote sensing and geographic information science.  To provide a broader perspective, the findings of this study are compared with evidence reported in similar studies about scientific communication in related disciplines, namely remote sensing, geographic information science, geography, and other earth and environmental sciences.

I: ANALYSIS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING

Background

The journal, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0099-1112), is published monthly by the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, a professional association founded in 1934 and based in Washington, DC.  The society's membership includes about 7,000 scientists and engineers, primarily from the United States and Canada, but also worldwide. The society is governed by a 27-member board of directors and has a staff at the DC office. (Note 1)

The society focuses on promoting scientific research and an understanding of the fields of photogrammetry (the use of photographs, often in stereopairs, to measure and map objects or terrain),  remote sensing (the use of aerial photography and satellite imagery to study and map various conditions or characteristics of the earth's land, water, and atmosphere), and geographic information systems (processes to capture, manipulate, and display geospatial information). In 1998, the society adopted the tag line, "The Imaging and Geospatial Information Society."

The journal began publication in 1934 as News Notes of the American Society of Photogrammetry, and was published as the journal, Photogrammetric Engineering (ISSN 0031-8671), beginning in 1936 with volume 2, number 4. (Note 2)

In 1975, beginning with volume 41, number 1, the journal acquired the additional "Remote Sensing" component of its current title, reflecting the changing focus of articles published in the journal.

The journal's audience is broad, also reflected in the background of authors, and includes scientists, engineers, and other professionals in academia, government agencies, and the private sector, representing such disciplines as civil engineering, geography, geology, ecology, forestry, marine science, computer science, landscape architecture, planning, and other fields where information about the condition and dynamics of land use and land cover is important.

In terms of submissions to the journal, documents to be peer reviewed (articles, reviews) are submitted to the journal's editor, Dr. James Merchant at the University of Kansas, who works with several assistant and thematic editors. Non-reviewed items (news, editorial materials, etc.) go directly to the managing editor at the DC office.  All documents are published in English.
 
PERS has two peer journals (those, according to ISI's Journal Citation Reports, that cite and are cited most by articles in PER): the International Journal of Remote Sensing (IJRS) and Remote Sensing of Environment (RSE).  Additional remote sensing and GIS journals that commonly cite and are cited by PERS include IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, and Photogrammetric Record.


Methods

This analysis was performed using the ISI Web of Knowledge (Science and Social Science Citation Indexes) and ISI Journal Citation Reports, as well as supplemental material from the ASPRS web site and other sources.  The period of analysis is 1998-2002. Data for the analysis, including that for top-cited articles and authors, were obtained initially during February-March 2004, with the most recent updates (including citation/co-citation analysis) and revisions based on information collected during April-May 2004.
 

Analysis

Document Types

The types of documents published in the journal during the period of study include: articles, reviews, biographical notes, corrections, editorial material, letters, news, and software reviews. Since articles and reviews published in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (PERS) are similar in length and status (i.e., both are peer reviewed), they are considered together in later portions of this analysis.

For the five-year period, 1998-2002, articles constituted the bulk (roughly 67 percent) of the 645 documents published in the journal. Editorial materials were 21 percent, followed by letters and biographical notes at 3.5 percent each, software reviews at 2.5 percent, and news, corrections, and reviews combined at 2.5 percent.

The year-to-year breakdown, presented in Table 1, shows variability in year-to-year output, as opposed to a particular trend. For example, the number of published articles in 1998 was well below the five-year average (87), above average in 1999, near that average for 2000 and 2001, and again above average in 2002. A similar pattern can be seen for all documents, except that in the year 2002, only 120 documents were published compared with the average of 129.
  


Document
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Total
Percent
All
118 
143 
136 
128 
120 
645 
100 
Articles
65 
100 
88 
88 
94 
435 
67 
Editorial
29 
28 
34 
24 
18 
133 
21 
Biography
6 
8 
2 
5 
3 
24 
3.5 
Letters
11 
1 
4 
5 
2 
23 
3.5 
Software R
5 
2 
3 
3 
3 
16 
2.5 
News
2 
2 
4 
2 
0 
10 
2 
Corrections
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
3 
0.5 
Reviews
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
-- 

Table 1. Document types published in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1998-2002.
All documents:  Range (120-143)   Average (129)     Articles/Reviews:  Range (65-101)   Average (87)


Looking at the longer-term, with an annual average of 87 articles/reviews for the five-year period 1998-2002, the journal's more recent production seems slightly lower than that during the previous decade, when there were averages of 104 and 91 articles/reviews published for the periods 1988-92 and 1993-97, respectively (Table 2).  The present level of production for articles and reviews seems more similar to that of an earlier period (1973-87). The number of all documents (articles, reviews, and everything else) varied considerably during the past 30 years, with the highest production during 1973-77 (an annual average of 158 documents) and the lowest during 1983-97 (an average of 106 documents per year).

Table 2 also shows that the proportion of documents published as articles/reviews was higher during the past (around 80 percent for the period 1978-92) compared with the more recent period (at about two-thirds). During the period 1973-77, a period when overall production was relatively high, the proportion of articles/reviews was slightly more than half, indicating that the significantly higher level of production was in the form of editorials, news, and other documents rather than as articles and reviews.


Document
1973-1977
1978-1982
1983-1987
1988-1992
1993-1997
1998-2002
All Documents
140 
123 
106 
127 
142 
129
Articles/Reviews
86 
84 
85 
104 
91 
 87
Percent Art/Rev
54 
79 
80 
82 
64 
67

Table 2. Average annual number of all documents and articles/reviews (and the percent of documents that were articles/reviews) published in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
Averages calculated for five-year intervals, 1973-2002.

 

How does the productivity of PERS measure against other similar journals?  Table 3 provides a comparison of the productivity for PERS versus the two other major remote sensing journals, Remote Sensing of Environment (RSE) and International Journal of Remote Sensing (IJRS).  For the period 1998-2002, RSE produced 624 articles/reviews, nearly 40 percent more than did PERS with 436, and IJRS produced 1,327 articles/reviews, nearly three times as many as PERS.


Journal
 		Articles Produced
 1998-2002
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
 		436
Remote Sensing of Environment
 		624
International Journal of Remote Sensing
 		1327

Table 3. Number of articles/reviews produced during 1998-2002 for the journals Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, and International Journal of Remote Sensing.

Authorship Patterns

The general authorship patterns for articles published in PERS tend to resemble that of scientific disciplines, with most of the articles being written by multiple authors.  Table 4 summarizes the authorship patterns for PERS, showing that 21.9 percent of articles published in PERS have one author; 31.8 percent, two authors; and 46.3 percent, multiple authors (three or more).

As a basis for comparison, Newman (2004) found 3.75 authors per paper in the field of biology; 2.53, in physics; and 1.45, in mathematics.  Glanzel (2002) reports average co-authorship numbers for biomedical research (5.13), chemistry (3.82), and mathematics (2.59).

The average number of authors for the PERS articles is 2.8, which is close to the figure of 2.5 authors per article as determined by Steele and Stier (2000) for another environmental science journal, Forest Science.  This pattern contrasts with those determined by Brunn (1995) for the discipline of geography (one of the "anchor" disciplines of remote sensing), whose premier journal, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, received 628 submitted articles during 1987-1993, of which nearly three-quarters (73.2 percent) were single-authored; only 5.3 percent had three or more authors.

For the PERS articles published during 1998-2002, the highest number of authors per paper was eleven (for two papers), with 29 papers being co-authored by six to ten authors.

Number of Authors
 		Number of Articles
 		Percent
1
 		91
 		21.9
2
 		132
 		31.8
3
 		79
 		} 
4
 		54
 		} 
5
 		28
 		} 
6
 		15
 		} 
7
 		7
 		} 46.3
8
 		5
 		} 
9
 		2
 		} 
10
 		0
 		} 
11
 		2
 		} 
Total
 		415
(Note 3)
 		100.0

Table 4. Number of authors per article during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.


Author Productivity

For the 415 articles listed in Table 4, there were 1077 unique authors.  In terms of author productivity, the highest level was achieved by two individuals who were authors (co-authors) of six articles (Table 5).  As the rest of the table shows, 925 (or 85.9 percent) authors of PERS articles during 1998-2002 contributed to only one article; another 10 percent to two articles; and only 4.1 percent, to three or more articles.  A list of the 16 most-published authors (the 1.5 percent of authors contributing to 4 or more articles) is presented in Table 6.


Number of Articles Published
 Number of Authors
 Percent
6
 		2
 		} 
5
 		3
 		} 
4
 		11
 		} 4.1    
3
 		28
 		} 
2
 		108
 		10.0
1
 		925
 		85.9
415 articles/reviews total
 		1077 unique authors
 		100.0


Table 5. Productivity of authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.


Number of Articles Published
 Authors
6
 		Gong P
Tao CV

5
 		Congalton RG
Jensen JR
Li RX




4
 		Biging GS
Chong AK
El-Baz F
Li ZL
Lillesand TM
Lo CP
Loveland TR
Lunetta RS
Lyon JG
Stehman SV
Yeh AGO


Table 6. Most-published authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.


Nationality

A review of the nationality of authors and co-authors (Table 7) shows the dominance of the United States, representing author nationality for a little more than half (51.1 percent) of the articles published during 1998-2002, followed by Canada (7.2 percent), and China (5.8 percent).  This contrasts with the figure noted by Brunn (1995) for the Annals of the Association of American Geographers, with 71 percent of manuscripts submitted coming from U.S. authors.

Some 14 percent of the articles published in PERS during 1998-2002 were produced by authors from two or more countries. The highest number of international collaborations involved authors from the United States (on 35 papers), Canada (14), United Kingdom (12), Italy (9), China (8), Australia (6), and the Netherlands (5).  The strongest binational links between countries in terms of collaborations include: US-Canada and US China (6 pairings each), US-United Kingdom and US-Australia (4 each), US-Egypt, US-Italy, US-Kenya, US-Mexico, United Kingdom-New Zealand, United Kingdom-South Korea, and Canada-Japan (2 each).


Nation
 		Number of Articles
 		Percent
United States
 		212
 		51.1
Canada
 		30
 		7.2
China
 		24
 		5.8
United Kingdom
 		14
 		3.4
Australia
 		11
 		2.7
New Zealand
 		6
 		}        
Germany
 		5
 		}        
Japan
 		5
 		}        
France
 		4
 		}   15.8
Israel
 		4
 		}        
Italy
 		4
 		}        
Netherlands
 		4
 		}        
Spain
 		3
 		}        
Belgium, India, Mexico, Norway, South Korea, Sweden
 		2 each
 		}        
Austria, Brazil, Cameroon, Cote d' Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Greece, Ireland, Kenya, Nepal, Philippines, Portugal, Senegal, Syria, Switzerland, Thailand
1 each
}        
Binational/Multinational
 		58
 		14.0
Total
 		415
 		100.0


Table 7. Nationality of authors for articles published in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing during 1998-2002.


Citedness

The top-cited article for the period 1998-2002 has received 54 citations to date.  The distribution pattern of citedness for articles in PERS is similar to that presented by Fisher (2000) for the International Journal of Geographical Information Science (IJGIS), where a very few articles are cited many times, and many articles are cited only a few times or not at all.

A review of the 415 articles/reviews considered here indicates that fewer than 3 percent of the articles have been cited 20 or more times, while nearly one-third (32.8 percent) of the articles have never been cited (Table 8). The latter figure falls in between the levels of non-citedness presented by Fisher (2000) for IJGIS (at 13 percent) and Cracknell (1999) for the International Journal of Remote Sensing (IJRS), reporting a rate of (what seems to be a rather high) 90 percent non-citedness for that journal.


Number of Citations Received
 Number of Articles
 Percent
> 50
 		1
 		0.2
21 - 50
 		10
 		2.4
11 - 20
 		21
 		5.1
6 - 10
 		32
 		7.7
4 - 5
 		45
 		10.8
2 - 3
 		94
 		22.7
1
 		76
 		18.3
0
 		136
 		32.8
1367 citations received
 		415 articles
 		100.0


Table 8. Citedness of articles published during 1998-2002 in the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.


To determine the top-cited authors of articles appearing in PERS during 1998-2002, a list of top-cited articles (those receiving 30 or more citations) was compiled (Table 9).  Examining the number of citations received by each of the authors affiliated with those papers, a list of the 15 top-cited authors was constructed (Table 10).  The table shows that the top-cited author, ZL Zhu, has received 67 citations for three articles appearing in PERS during 1998-2002.

Table 5. Productivity of authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

Table 5. Productivity of authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

Table 5. Productivity of authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

Table 5. Productivity of authors during 1998-2002 for the journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
Rank
Paper Title
Authors
Date
Times Cited
1 Regional characterization of land cover using multiple sources of data
 Vogelmann JE
Sohl T
Howard SM		 Jan
1998		 54
2
 		An analysis of the IGBP global land-cover characterization process Loveland TR
Zhu ZL
Ohlen DO
Brown JF
Reed BC
Yang LM		 Sep 1999 39 
3
 		Accuracy assessment of a land-cover map of the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska: considerations for remote regions Muller SV
Walker DA
Nelson FE
Auerbach NA
 Bockheim JG
 Guyer S
Sherba D		 Jun
1998		 33 
4
 		An efficient and accurate method for mapping forest clearcuts in the Pacific Northwest using Landsat imagery Cohen WB
Fiorella M
Gray J
Helmer E
Anderson K		 Apr
1998		 33
5
 		A change detection experiment using vegetation indices Lyon JG
Yuan D
Lunetta RS
Elvidge CD		 Feb 1998 33 

6
The continuum of classification fuzziness in thematic mapping
Foody GM
Apr
1999
32

7
The IGBP-DIS global 1-km land cover data set DISCover: a project overview
Belward AS
Estes JE
Kline KD
Sep 1999
31


Table 9. Top-cited papers appearing in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1998-2002.

Top-cited authors appear in bold.
Author
Articles in PERS
Times Cited
Zhu ZL 3
 		67
Yang LM 3
 		65
Lunetta RS
 4
 63
Sohl T
 		3
 		63
Loveland TR
 		4
 		54
Lyon JG
 		4
 		54
Vogelmann JE
 		1
 		54
Howard SM
 		1
 		54
Elvidge CD
 		2
 		50
Ohlen DO
 		2
 		47
Brown JF
 		2
 		47
Estes JE
 		3
 		41
Reed BC
 		1
 		39
Foody GM
 		3
 		38
Cohen WB
 		1
 		33

Table 10. Top-cited authors for articles appearing in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1998-2002.


However, an author's productivity and citedness from the perspective of just one journal, in this case PERS, can be a bit narrow. To increase the perspective a bit, the 15 top-cited authors (Table 10) and 16 most-published authors (Table 6) were combined into one list of 28 authors (some authors appear on both lists).  The number of articles and citations for each these authors was determined for the three remote sensing journals (PERS, IJRS, and RSE) as well as for other journals (Table 11).
Author
 
Number of Articles / Times Cites

PERS
 IJRS
 RSE
 Other
 Total
Biging GS
 4 / 4
 --
 --
 4 / 29
 8 / 33
Brown JF
 2 / 47
 1 / 84
 --
 --
 3 / 131
Chong AK
4 / 1
 --
 --
 2 / 4
 6 / 5
Cohen WB
 1 / 33
 3 / 28
 10 / 226
 7 / 71
 21 / 358
Congalton RG
 5 / 37
 1 / 4
 1 / 21
 2 / 2
 9 / 64
El-Baz F
 4 / 8
 --
 --
 4 / 9
 8 / 17
Elvidge CD
 2 / 50
 4 / 22
 2 / 27
 10 / 27
 18 / 126
Estes JE
 3 / 41
 --
 --
 2 / 31
 5 / 72
Foody GM
 3 / 38
 13 / 92
 1 / 20
 10 / 43
 27 / 193
Gong P
 6 / 7
 6 / 7
 --
 2 / 6
 14 / 20
Howard SM
 1 / 54
 --
 --
 --
 1 / 54
Jensen JR
 5 / 27
 1 / 10
 --
 1 / 2
 7 / 39
Li RX
 5 / 20
 1 / 0
 --
 --
 6 / 20
Li ZL
 4 / 4
 --
 5 / 34
 14 / 24
 23 / 62
Lillesand TM
 4 / 5
 --
 1 / 0
 2 / 31
 7 / 46
Lo CP
 4 / 12
 1 / 7
 --
 7 / 0
 12 / 19
Loveland TR
 4 / 54
 1 / 84
 --
 5 / 53
 10 / 191
Lunetta RS
 4 / 63
 1 /1
 1 / 2
 1 / 0
 7 / 66
Lyon JG
 4 / 54
 2 / 1
 1 / 2
 3 / 14
 10 / 71
Ohlen DO
 2 / 47
 1 / 84
 --
 --
 3 / 131
Reed BC
 1 / 39
 2 / 96
 1 / 16
 1 / 2
 5 / 153
Stehman SV
 4 / 37
 2 / 22
 3 / 52
 8 / 19
 17 / 130
Sohl T
 3 / 63
 --
 --
 1 / 40
 4 / 103
Tao CV
 6 / 13
 --
 --
 2 / 3
 8 / 16
Vogelmann JG
 1 / 54
1 / 10
 --
 1 / 40
 3 / 104
Yang LM
 3 / 65
 --
 1 / 16
 2 / 1
 6 / 82
Yeh AGO
 4 / 14
 1 / 19
 --
 10 / 80
 15 / 113
Zhu ZL
 3 /67
 --
 --
 1 / 0
 4 / 67


Table 11. Top-cited and most-published authors listed with Number of Articles/Times Cited for Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (PERS), and its top peer journals, International Journal of Remote Sensing (IJRS) and Remote Sensing of Environment (RSE), and all other journals, during 1998-2002.


The data in Table 11 shows that even though certain authors can rank highly in terms of  numbers of articles or citedness for just one journal (PERS), when a larger set of publishing outlets (other remote sensing journals or other journals in general) is considered, many of those authors become lesser ranked.  For example, Zhu, Yang, Gong, and Tao are highly ranked relative to PERS, but drop dramatically (compared to Cohen, Foody, and Loveland, for example) when the larger publishing context is considered.

Another approach to assess the author productivity and citedness data presented above is to view the top-cited and most-published as two dimensions of an author's publications output, in this case, seeing which authors (among the 28 presented in Table 11) posses the highest rankings of both characteristics.  Figure 1 presents the top-cited dimension along the side axis (creating two levels: authors cited < 50 times, authors cited 50 or more times) and most-published along the bottom axis (again with two levels: authors publishing 1-3 articles, and those publishing 4-6 articles).

Thus four categories exist in this two-dimensional matrix: (I) authors that are less-cited, less-published, (II) authors that are top-cited (but not also most-published), (III) authors that are most-published (but not also top-cited), and (IV) authors that are top-cited and most-published.  Of the 28 authors presented in Table 11, only three (Loveland, Lunetta, and Lyon) fall into Category IV.


     











Citedness
                    






Cited 50 or more times
II
TOP-CITED

Elvidge CD
Howard SM
Reed BC
Sohl T
Vogelmann JE
Yang LM
Zhu ZL

IV
TOP-CITED
MOST-PUBLISHED

Loveland TR (54-4)
Lunetta RS (63-4)
Lyon JG (54-4)




Cited 1-49 times
I
LESS-CITED
LESS-PUBLISHED


  Brown JF
Cohen WB
Estes JE
Foody GM
Ohlen DO
 
III
MOST-PUBLISHED

Biging GS
Chong AK
Congalton RS
El-Baz F
Gong P
Jensen JR
Li RX
Li ZL
Lillesand TM
Lo CP
Stehman SV
Tao CV
Yeh AGO


Published 1-3 Articles
Published 4-6 Articles

Publications


Figure 1. Categorization of top-cited and most-published authors for Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (PERS), 1998-2002.


Journal Citation Reports

A final way to look at a scholarly journal's productivity, is to view its Impact Factor and Immediacy Index.  In 2002, the Impact Factor for PERS was 1.176, and its Immediacy Index, 0.181. A comparison of these measures with six of PERS's peer journals (as determined by the journals most cited by and citing of PERS articles from the Journal Citation Reports) is presented in Table 12. The data show that PERS was third in rank, behind Remote Sensing of Environment and International Journal of Remote Sensing, in terms of Impact Factor, and was fourth for Immediacy Index, behind Remote Sensing of Environment, Photogrammetric Record, and IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (and all these were far behind a top journal such as Science, with an Impact Factor of 28.956 and an Immediacy Index of 5.839).


 
Journal
Impact Factor
Immediacy Index
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 1.176 0.181
International Journal of Remote Sensing 1.154 0.135
Remote Sensing of Environment 1.992 0.799
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 1.603 0.196
International Journal of Geographical Information Science 0.821 0.024
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 0.389 0.081
Photogrammetric Record 0.633 0.286


Table 12. Impact Factors and Immediacy Indexes for 2002 for Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing and its peer journals.


Conclusions

Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing is a prominent journal in its field, published by a well-established scientific society. The journal has a relatively high level of productivity, visibility, and impact in the field of remote sensing and GIS. However, based on the analysis presented here, it appears that PERS  might rank second or third overall on a list of all remote sensing and GIS journals. Some reasons why:

There are additional observations about the journal:
II. BIBLIOMETRIC PROFILE OF ROSS S. LUNETTA

Ross S. Lunetta, one of the top-cited, most-published authors in PERS (Figure 1), is an environmental scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and based at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.  This bibliographic profile describes Lunetta's publishing history, co-authorship patterns, citation identity (persons he cites), image makers (persons that cite him), and citation image (persons with whom he is cited together in other papers).


Publishing History

For the period, 1998-2002, Lunetta published four articles in PERS (Table 11).  During the same period, he published three articles in additional journals.

The complete ISI record (1987-2004) for Lunetta indicates he has published 16 articles in five journals with 54 co-authors (38 unique co-authors) for an average of 3.4 co-authors per article (higher than the PERS average of 2.8 authors per article).

A look at Lunetta's publication record over time indicates that he published exclusively in PERS for most of his career (Table 13), with his first nine articles appearing there from 1987 to 1999.  It has only been in the past few years (2002-04), that Lunetta has branched out to publish in other journals, with his five most recent publications appearing in other remote sensing journals (RSE, IJRS, and IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing).  His research has focused on land-cover change detection, methodologies to improve the accuracy of satellite-image mapping, and applications of remote sensing to water quality, wetlands, wildlife, fisheries, and  landfills.


Journal
 Year
 co-authors
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
 2001
1999
1998
1998
1997
1995
1994
1992
1991
1987
 4
1
3
3
4
3
6
2
5
1
International Journal of Remote Sensing
 2003
2002
 7
6
Remote Sensing of Environment
 2004
2002
 3
4
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
 2003
 1
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
 2000
 1
5 journals - 16 articles
avg. = 3.4

Table 13. Publication history of Ross S. Lunetta, 1987-2004.


Co-authors

As mentioned above, from 1998 to 2004 Lunetta has published all 16 articles with from one to seven co-authors per article. Nine of the co-authors have published two or more articles with Lunetta (Table 14). Four co-authors (Lyon, Elvidge, Congalton, and Jensen) are among the PERS top-cited or most-published authors identified in Table 11.

There are some patterns in Lunetta's co-authorships.  Alvarez, Bonifaz, and Garcia are co-authors on the two articles appearing in International Journal of Remote Sensing (dealing with remote sensing of land-cover in Mexico).  Johnson is a co-author (along with Lyon) on the two articles appearing in Remote Sensing of Environment.  Knight is the sole co-author of the article appearing in the IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, as well as a co-author (with Congalton and others) in PERS.  Yuan is co-author with Elvidge (and others) on two articles in PERS, and Elvidge also appears with Lyon on three articles.

Four of these co-authors (Lyon, Elvidge, Congalton, and Jensen) are also on the top-cited and most-published list presented in Table 11.

 
Co-author
 Articles
Lyon JG
 6
Elvidge CD
 4
Alvarez R
 2
Bonifaz R
 2
Congalton RG
 2
Garcia C
 2
Johnson DM
 2
Knight JF
 2
Yuan D
 2
30 individuals, including Jensen JR

 1
38 unique co-authors

Table 14. Co-authors with Ross S. Lunetta, 1987-2004.

Authors in boldface are other PERS top-cited or most-published authors (see Table 11).


Citation Identity

For the period 1998-2002, Lunetta's four articles that appeared in PERS had 103 cited references.  Nearly one-third  (36) were to articles appearing in the three main remote sensing journals discussed in this study, namely PERS (23), RSE (10) , and IJRS (8), while the remaining references were to other articles appearing in other journals, items in conference proceedings, government documents, and books.  Lunetta (and his respective co-authors) cited seven authors three or more times, including citations to himself five times (Table 15).  He cited seven authors, including himself, two or more times (synchronic recitation) in at least one of his articles and cited 18 authors, including himself, in two or more of the articles (diachronoic recitation).

Some fourteen authors from the top-cited and most-published list (Table 11) appear among the authors Lunetta cites, including Congalton, Lyon, Jensen, Lillesand at higher levels (three or more citations), and Biging, Brown, Elvidge, Howard, Loveland, Ohlen, Sohl, Vogelmann, and Zhu at lower levels (one or two citations).  Four of these are also co-authors (Congalton, Lyon, Jensen, and Elvidge).



Author
 Times
Cited by Lunetta
Lunetta RS (self)
 8
Congalton RG (x)
 7
Lyon JG (x)
 7
Jensen JR (x)
 4
Nelson R
 4
Lillesand TM
 3
Tucker CJ
 3
12 individuals, including Biging GS and Elvidge CD (x)
 2
120 individuals, including Brown JF, Howard SM, Loveland TR, Ohlen DO, Sohl T,  Vogelmann JE, and Zhu ZL
 1
139 unique authors cited


Table 15. Authors cited by Ross S. Lunetta in articles appearing in PERS, 1998-2002.

Authors in boldface are other PERS top-cited or most-published authors (see Table 11).
(x) - a co-author with Lunetta on articles appearing in PERS, 1998-2002.

Image Makers

Across Lunetta's complete publishing history, some 186 articles cite his work with a total of 390 image makers (Table 15).  Six authors cite Lunetta four times each; seven authors cite him three times each; 46 authors cite him twice; and another 340 cite him once.  The list of names at the top of Table 15 is quite different from those appearing in earlier lists, with only Lyon repeating an appearance here.

Again, as in the above discussions, there are several names from the top-cited and most-published list -- some repeating, some different (Lyon, Cohen, Congalton, Elvidge, Foody, Jensen, Stehman, Yeh, and Loveland).  Several of these image makers are also co-authors (Lyon, Guindon, Congalton, and Elvidge) and several are authors Lunetta has cited (Congalton, Elvidge, Thenkenbail, McGwire, and Scepan).


Author
 Times
Cited
Lunetta
Aspinall R 4
Atkinson PM
 4
Cihlar J
 4
Lyon JG (x)
 4
Sader SA
 4
Wade TG
 4
Brown DG
 3
Guindon B (x)
 3
Hepinstall JA
 3
Jones KB
 3
Legleiter CJ
 3
Smith RB
 3
Wickham JD
 3
Yuan D (x)
 3
46 authors, including Cohen WB, Congalton RS (x, y),  Cowardin LM,
Elvidge CD (x, y), Foody GM, Jensen JR, Sader SA, Stehman SV,
Thenkabail PS (y), Yeh AGO 		2
340 authors, including Loveland TR, McGwire KC (y), and Scepan J (y)
 1
390 unique authors citing Lunetta in 186 articles

Table 16. Persons citing Ross S. Lunetta, 1987-2004.

Authors in boldface are other PERS top-cited or most-published authors (see Table 11).
(x) - a co-author with Lunetta for articles appearing in PERS, 1998-2002.
(y) - cited by Lunetta in articles appearing in PERS, 1998-2002.


Citation Image

To determine Lunetta's citation image, a list of all the top names appearing in Tables 11, 14, 15, and 16 (the PERS top-cited and most published authors; Lunetta's top co-authors; the persons Lunetta has cited most; and persons who have cited Lunetta most) was prepared and a count using the ISI database (and the cited author/search/combined-results functions) was made to determine how many times those persons have been cited simultaneously with Lunetta in the works by others

Among the 46 names aggregated in Table 17, some familiar names are appearing at the top of this list.  Most of the names appearing in the top ten places either are PERS top-cited authors or have the combination of co-author/most-published/citation identity.  Only Tucker, who is an ISI highly-cited author, and part of Lunetta's citation identity, and Guindon, who is one of Lunetta's image makers, do not fit the pattern for the others.

Lyon, with whom Lunetta shares most characteristics, falls to the middle of the list primarily because, as co-author on many of Lunetta's articles, the co-citation numbers are essentially a self-citation (for Lunetta) number, and have been removed (and they appear in parentheses beside the names of Lunetta's co-authors: Jensen, Congalton, Lyon, McGwire, Elvidge, Yua