Shawn Nelson
May 7, 2004
IRLS 589
I give permission for my final project to be made available through the LIS Learning Showcase web server.

Bibliometric Study of  Global and Planetary Change: 1998-2002
________________________________________________________________________________

Introduction
Global and Planetary Change is a Geographic Information Science journal that can be found in both electronic and print formats. The home page of the journal is found through the Netherlands based publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09218181.  Only tables of contents and abstracts can be found freely on the Internet as full-text access requires a subscription.  Frequency of publication is not clear.  Ulrich's Periodicals Directory states 20 issues per year, while Journal Citation Reports states eight per year.  Additionally, the University of Arizona SABIO information states varying issues per year: "12 no. a year, <July 1999->, Four no. a year, Jan. 1989-, 8 no. a year, <1993->."  The journal publishes several special issues which may account for this discrepancy.  Global and Planetary Change is available at the University of Arizona Science Library (QE1.G715) and through web access.  All of the print copies were available and on the shelf.  Web access is available from 1982-1994 in Earth & Planetary Sciences Backfile, 1995-present in EBSCOhost EJS, and 1995-present in ScienceDirect Elsevier Science Journals.

Global and Planetary Change was founded in 1988 as a "daughter journal" of the journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.  The current Editorial Board consists of four members, three of whom are original board members.  The members are: S. Cloetingh (Institute for Earth Sciences, Netherlands, original member, specializing in basin analysis, sedimentology, and tectonics), T. Cronin (USGS National Center, United States, specializing in paleoclimatology, ecosystems and biodiversity, and coastal and marine systems), A. Henderson-Sellers (Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Australia, original member, specializing in climate modelling, clouds and climate, green house, and landsurface schemes), and P. Pirazzoli (Director of Research CNRS, France, original member, specializing in palaeoceanography and sea level changes).  The journal is directed toward an audience of earth scientists, oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, geographers, and biologists.  This multidisciplinary attitude is what originally founded the journal.  E.J. Barron (1989), who wrote the first Editorial for the journal, declared as the objective of the journal "to achieve an interdisciplinary view of the causes, processes and limits of variability in planetary change. . . . Global and Planetary Change was formulated as an important step towards satisfying the need to communicate at the interfaces of the disciplines which are essential to understand an ever changing planet.  This need defines the character of the journal."  He further describes that manuscripts are to have a "global scope" and "significance beyond a single discipline."  Barron concludes by stating that the intent of the journal is to "act as a catalyst to understanding the earth as a system."  In accordance with the "global scope," the contributing authors of Global and Planetary Change are from every part of the world.  There is tremendous collaboration in this journal; a true testimony to the objectives of the journal founders.

Productivity Analysis of Global and Planetary Change: 1998-2002
Document Type
 Article
 Biographical
Material
 Correction
 Editorial Material
 Letter Review
 Total Number of
Documents Per Year
Number of
Occurrences
for 2002
 81
 0
 0
 8
 0
 1
 90
2001
 72
 0
 0
 5
 0
 3
 80
2000
 81
 0
 0
 5
 0
 3
 89
1999
 24
 1
 1
 3
 0
 4
 33
1998
 39
 0
 1
 3
 1
 1
 45
Total Number of
Document Type
Occurrences for
5 Year Period
 297
 1
 2
 24
 1
 12
 337


Impact Factor and Immediacy Index of Global and Planetary Change: 1998-2002
Impact Factor and Immediacy Index of
Global and Planetary Change for
individual years (1998-2002)
 1998
 1999
 2000
 2001
 2002
Impact Factor
 2.934
 1.750
 1.347
 1.381
 1.262
Immediacy Index
 0.050
 0.220
 0.103
 0.953
 0.625
Total Cites for year
 506
 567
 720
 824
 852
Total Articles for year
 40
 50
 58
 85
 56

Global and Planetary Change has been productive during this five-year period.  The Special Issues have occasionally attracted more attention than the regular issues; however, it is the regular issues in 1998 that contain the most-cited authors mentioned above.  The number of articles per year has increased 40% (not counting 2001, since there was a special issue that substantially increased the number of articles) from 1998-2002.  The number of citations has increased by 68% over the same period.  The immediacy index has increased by 1,150%, from 0.050 to 0.625.  The journal appears to have learned from the low immediacy index  number in 1998 (0.050) by publishing more issues and fewer articles in subsequent years.  Although the impact factor has decreased 57%, the journal has remained competitive.  The lowest ranking was 34, out of 122 GIS journals, in 2002.

The editors at Global and Planetary Change have succeeded in creating and maintaining an innovative, competitive journal that has grown over the years into a thriving and authoritative source for multidisciplinary work on the planet.

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Bibliometric Analysis

Top 5 most cited authors in Global and Planetary Change: 1998-2002

The following is a list of  authors and articles that received the most cites in the 1998-2002 period.  I compiled the list by searching ISI WOS first by individual year, then by source (Global and Planetary Change).  All documents and all languages were included.  The resulting list was then sorted by "times cited" and each article was opened to reveal just how many times it had been cited.  The authors were then listed and searched in the specified period of time to find how many times each author was cited.  This search occurred on March 6, 2004.  The following articles received 73, 53, 47, 45, and 43 cites, respectively.

Wood, E.F., Lettenmaier, D.P., Liang X., et al. (1998). The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red-Arkansas River basis experiment: 1. Experiment description and summary intercomparisons. Global and Planetary Change, 19(1-4), 115-135.

Gattuso, J.P., Frankignoulle M., Bourge I., et al. (1998). Effect of calcium carbonate saturation of seawater on coral calcification. Global and Planetary Change, 18(1-2), 37-46.

Lohmann, D., Lettenmaier D.P., Liang X., et al. (1998). The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red Arkansas River basin experiment: 3. Spatial and temporal analysis of water fluxes. Global and Planetary Change, 19(1-4), 161-179.

Robock A., Schlosser, C.A., Vinnikov, K.Y., et al. (1998). Evaluation of the AMIP soil moisture simulations. Global and Planetary Change, 19(1-4), 181-208.

Guo, Z.T., Liu, T.S., Fedoroff, N., et al. (1998). Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Global and Planetary Change, 18(3-4), 113-128.

Number of research articles published in Global and Planetary Change: 1998-2002 by top 5 most cited authors
(includes all of the authors from the above list)
Author Name
 Documents Published (1998-2002)
in Global and Planetary Change
 Articles Published (1998-2002)
in Global and Planetary Change
Wood, EF
 4
 3
Lettenmaier, DP
 4
 3
Liang, X
 4
 3
Lohmann, D
 4
 3
Boone, A
 4
 3
Chang, S
 4
 3
Chen, F
 4
 3
Dai, YJ
 4
 3
Dickinson, RE
 4
 3
Duan, QY
 4
 3
Ek, M
 4
 3
Gusev, YM
 5
 4
Habets, F
 4
 3
Irannejad, P
 5
 4
Koster, R
 4
 3
Mitchell, KE (aka Mitchel, KE)
 4
 3
Nasonova, ON
 5
 4
Noilhan, J
 5
 4
Schaake, J
 4
 3
Schlosser, A
 4
 3
Shao, YP
 5
 4
Shmakin, AB
 5
 4
Verseghy, D
 5
 4
Warrach, K
 4
 3
Wetzel, P
 4
 3
Xue, YK
 4
 3
Yang, ZL
 4
 3
Zeng, QC
 4
 3
Gattuso, JP
 1
 1
Frankignoulle, M
 1
 1
Bourge, I
 1
 1
Romaine, S
 1
 1
Buddemeier, RW
 1
 1
Desborough, C
 3
 2
Robock, A
 1
 1
Schlosser, CA
 2
 2
Vinnikov, KY
 1
 1
Speranskaya, NA
 1
 1
Entin, JK
 1
 1
Qiu, S
 1
 1
Guo, ZT
 4
 3
Liu, TS
 		1
 1
Fedoroff, N
 1
 1
Wei, LY
 1
 1
Ding, ZL
 1
 1
Wu, NQ
 2
 2
Lu, HY
 1
 1
Jiang, WY
 1
 1
An, ZS
 1
 1

After this information was compiled, I wondered if my compilation was accurate.  Specifically, did I find the most cited articles or authors?  If I find the most cited articles, am I not also finding the most cited authors by default?  Additionally, when I attempted to re-check my findings from March 6, 2004, I found that one result had changed.  If I performed the search now it would have to include: Ragueneau, O., Treguer, P., Leynaert, A., et al. (2000). A review of the Si cycle in the modern ocean: Recent progress and missing gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity proxy. Global and Planetary Change, 26(4), 317-365, which received 46 cites.  This is curious because my list from March tallied documents down to 8 cites, so either this article just received (or  just calculated) a huge number of cites, or I made an error in my prior research.  I have print copies of my prior research and have gone over it several times and cannot find an error, but that does not necessarily mean there is not one.  The ISI author format caused additional problems in my search, such as "Mitchell, KE" and "Mitchel, KE."  The use of last name, first initials makes it difficult, if not impossible, to determine whether there is a spelling error or two different authors. (White, 2001b, p. 91)  Finally, I found it interesting how an author who has only one cite can be part of a group of authors who are "most cited."

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Personal Bibliometric Profile for author Y M Gusev

The author for the Personal Bibliometric Profile is Y. M. Gusev.  He was one of the above "most-cited" authors.  He can be contacted at the following address: Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novobasmannaya st. 10, Box 524, 107078 Moscow, Russia, (095) 265-95-85, gusev@iwapr.msk.su.  Based on an examination of the publishing and citation data in ISI WOS, Gusev has been publishing since 1966.  His articles were rarely cited until he worked on the PILPS project with a number of scientists from across the globe.  PILPS stands for the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes and is an international Internet-based collaboration.  The only "document" that was part of the PILPS materials that had no cites was a correction in Global and Planetary Change.  With the exception of his collaboration on PILPS, his articles have received few, if any, citations and have been co-authored with fellow Russian scientists focusing on rather narrow topics.  He has been cited progressively more since the fall of the Soviet Union, which leads to the possibility that collaboration, even knowledge of his studies, was not politically acceptable or possible during that period.  That may account for the low citations, however, it would raise the question of collaboration and citation within the Soviet Union's scientific community.  I am not sure there is a relationship, but the possibility for one is certainly present.

Gusev's citation identity shows him citing an E.M. Gusev almost as frequently as he cites himself.  I was not able to absolutely confirm whether E.M. (Evgeny Mikhailovich) Gusev is Y.M.(Yevgeniy Mikhailovich) Gusev and, therefore, left the citation information separate.  (This is true for Gusev's citation set as well.)  His second source of information is A.I. Budagovskiyi who works with Gusev at the Institute of Water Problems on water-soil issues.  A. Henderson-Sellers leads PILPS from Australia and specializes in climatology, and is also on the editorial board of Global and Planetary Change.  T.H. Chen also works with PILPS.  G.L. Guymon is a geohydrologist/water resources engineer in California.  D. Lohmann is a hydrologist and Y.P. Shao specializes in atmosphere-land surface interactions.  Based on these top cites and the brief information I could obtain, it seems as if Gusev is citing intellectually; however, social relationships were difficult to glean from the Internet. 

Gusev's citation set shows clear relationships between he and his partner at the Institute of Water Problems, O.N. Nasonova, with 32 cites.  Next is Gusev citing himself, followed by D.P. Lettenmaier, a reknowned hydrologist.  F. Habets is a hydrologist working on PILPS and X. Liang studies surface water hydrology and water resources systems.  Again, it would seem that these authors are citing intellectually, with the same caveat from above.

A citation image was not performed due to the volume of information and method of data collection involved.

It was very interesting to find a few scientists whose addresses were the University of Arizona.  There are four that I have confirmed have or currently do work at the university: R.E. Dickinson, G.Y. Niu, B. Nijssen, and W.J. Shuttleworth.

Authors Cited by Gusev -- Citation Identity
(first set is alphabetized; second set is in descending order by cites)

Author Last Name

1st Initial

Number of Cites

Author Last Name

1st Initial

Number of Cites

abdella

k

1

gusev

em

11

abdulla

f

3

budagovskiyi (-sky)

ai

10

abels

h

2

gusev

ym (y)

8

abramopoulos

f

2

henderson-sellers

a

8

anderson

ea

2

chen

th

6

apollov

ba

1

guymon

gl

5

austin

pm

1

lohmann

d

5

avissar

r

1

shao

yp (y)

5

baeck

ml

1

dickinson

re ( r )

4

beljaars

acm

3

essery

r

4

berliand

tg

1

kuchment

ls

4

betts

ak

1

liang

x

4

beven

kj

1

noilhan

j

4

bonan

gb

2

robock

a

4

box

g

1

sellers

pj

4

bracht

j

1

slater

ag

4

braden

h

1

wetzel

pj

4

brun

e

2

yang

zl

4

brutsaert

w

1

zilitinkevich

ss

4

budagovskiyi (-sky)

ai

10

abdulla

f

3

budyko

mi

3

beljaars

acm

3

burnash

rjc

1

budyko

mi

3

busasrova

oe

2

cess

rd

3

cess

rd

3

desborough

ce

3

chalita

s

1

dzhogan

ly

3

chang

atc

1

kalyuzhnyi

il

3

chen

th

6

koster

rd

3

chen

f

2

lettenmaier

d (dp)

3

choudhury

bj

1

manabe

s

3

chow

vt

2

pitman

j

3

clapp

rb

2

pomeroy

jw

3

clothier

be

1

schlosser

ca

3

cogley

j

2

sturm

m

3

cohen

j

2

todini

e

3

cosby

bj

1

verseghy

dl

3

cox

pm

1

viterbo

p

3

crawford

nj

1

xue

y (yk)

3

dai

yj

2

yosida

z

3

derbyshire

sh

1

abels

h

2

derosnay

p

1

abramopoulos

f

2

desborough

ce

3

anderson

ea

2

dewey

kf

1

bonan

gb

2

dickinson

re ( r )

4

brun

e

2

dooge

jci

2

busasrova

oe

2

douville

h

2

chen

f

2

doviak

r

1

chow

vt

2

duband

d

2

clapp

rb

2

ducoudre

ni

1

cogley

j

2

dumenil

l

1

cohen

j

2

dunkle

rv

1

dai

yj

2

dzhogan

ly

3

dooge

jci

2

entekhabi

d

1

douville

h

2

essery

r

4

duband

d

2

fedorov

sf

2

fedorov

sf

2

feldman

gm

1

gedney

n

2

flerchinger

gn

1

idso

sb

2

foster

j

1

jordean (jordan)

re ( r )

2

franchini

m

1

khromov

sp

2

freeze

ra

1

kim

j

2